I've been quite curious about the policies of all running candidates, as well as how the election process itself works. One thing I've seen and fully support is the prominence of multiple parties (more than two), although there are three major parties. And even within the parties the mindsets of the members differ slightly. There are seven names on the ballot- one from each of the major parties, and four independents.
The current/former president, Lee Myung-Bak, is of the Saenuri party. He came to the position with 70% approval, although earlier this year it had fallen to 30% approval. He feels that English education can aid in the road to success. He also supported the South Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement, and was a part of the Jeju-do Naval Base (quite controversial).
Also in the Saenuri party is Park Geun-Hye. Prior to this year, the party was actually called the Grand National Party, but there was a lot of fighting within the party and a few image problems. From what I have read, it seems that several other things in the party have changed since she gained control of the party. With Lee Myung-Bak's ratings, it makes sense that she would want to distance herself from his image. There is much support for her, as her father Park Chung-Hee was a former president (some use 'dictator' instead) and her parents were assassinated, and much distaste for her. The distaste comes from her "secretive ways" and lack of knowledge of working class life. Here is an excerpt I found on a Wiki article about the 2012 election:
"..during another debate on Aug. 8, the moderator asked Park the minimum hourly rate for a part-time worker as of 2012. Park replied “I think it’s over 5,000 won, isn’t it?,” when the legal minimum wage was 4,580 won. In response, The Korean Confederation of Trade Unions responded with a statement in which it said, “It is terribly discouraging when a person who wants to become president does not even know the country’s minimum wage, which is a minimal right for survival and the first step toward a welfare state.”"
Still, she would like to win the trust of the public and serve the people. Her slogan this election is, " A Country Where My Dreams Can Come True / Readied Female President."
I think the story of her father is interesting, though, so I'm going to talk about that for a bit... Her father seized power with a military coup/revolution in 1961 for the sake of the country (he completely turned around the economy for the better). Her mother was shot in 1974, leaving her to act as the First Lady until her father was assassinated by his chief spy in 1979 (after losing the election, he rewrote the constitution to give himself further ruling). According to an article on channelnewsasia.com, "Many in South Korea acknowledge her father's contributions to the Korean economy, though many also remember a long history of torture and other abuses of power under his rule."
So that is the story of Saenuri's Park Geun-Hye, a front-runner of this election. Her biggest competition, the other runner at the front, actually used to protest the rule of her father. His name is Moon Jae-In. The former student activist said, "When I was living in poverty, she was living the life of a princess in the Blue House... When I was fighting against dictatorship, she was at the heart of it."
Juicy, isn't it?
Moon Jae-In belongs to the United Democratic Party. He, too, is known by the public as he was Chief of Staff to Roh Moon-Hyun, the president before the current Lee Myung-Bak. Being well-known is great, but Roh Moon-Hyun left a pretty sour position for Moon Jae-In to be in... While Roh was in office, his support fell drastically. He couldn't seem to complete projects, turned on his supporters, and was persecuted by the conservative party. Even after his term ended he was investigated for bribery charges. The ill sentiments once held toward Roh are now being used as spectacles for looking at Moon Jae-In. His slogan this election is, "People come first."
Reports say that the youth (as always, isn't it?) will be the biggest pull in who wins the election. The way it works in Korea is that whoever wins the most votes wins the presidency- they have a first-past-the-post system in place. Park is currently in the lead, but Moon is not far behind.
Great! This is really interesting, but still... What I want to know are their personal policies. The Prime Minister, even if he has to be approved by the National Assembly-the legislature of 299 seats, is still appointed by the president. I'm finding it difficult to find personal stances, but the positions each party general holds is easy to find.
As it is elsewhere, general policies can be aligned with their party. Let's take a look at the three major parties (basically a summary from Daily Kos):
Saenuri- conservative. They favor big business, especially toward family-owned conglomerates such as LG, Samsung, and Hyundai. Many of these companies also have a family member serving as an assembly member. They are anti-North Korea, anti-communism, and pro-America, so they support the SK-US Free Trade Agreement. They desire an export-driven economy, subsidies, and tax breaks. Their popularity is with older generations and southeastern provinces.
Democratic United Party- liberal. They favor greater regulations of these family-owned conglomerates and are against free trade agreements. They support smaller business who get pushed out because of big business, and have ties to more moderate trade unions. They would also like to "thaw" relations with North Korea a bit, and they have mixed feelings concerning the presence of the US military. Their popularity is with younger generations and southwestern provinces.
Unified Progressive Party- progressive. Here we find those who support and are supported by leftist trade unions and often farmers, who are at the mercy of big business and the government, both of which consume their land as the country is small and land is important. Cheap imports also cause trouble to such people. They have pro-North Korea sentiments, and are anti-American -mostly concerning the economy and business.
Socially, there is less of a difference between parties. Abortion is illegal unless it is to save a woman's life and homosexuality is a taboo topic- 30% of the population is Christian, and I'm sure that this is at least a bit of the reason.
I'm sure it would be nice to vote for a candidate based purely on their business and economic policies... Since, you know, that's what their job is. As an outsider, it seems more cut-and-dry than our messy socially-driven elections.
Anyway, that's what I was able to find today. It's not exactly what I was looking for, but I feel more well-informed. And that's never a bad thing.
Here are the links I looked at today in case anyone is curious or wants to know more:
I'll post again if I find anything else that I feel is relevant, and I definitely want to post about the results!
-Kaitlin
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